Milk is a dietary staple across the world. It contains several nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, selenium, riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), etc. Most notably, milk is a rich source of protein. Globally, cow milk is the most consumed dairy product. The proteins in cow milk are of high-quality and contain a balanced composition of all essential amino acids. Milk and its derivative products therefore play a key role in providing nutrition to humans, starting in infancy and continuing throughout life.

Milk has numerous health benefits, some of which are very well known. The beneficial effect of calcium and vitamin D in milk on the bones and teeth are established. Furthermore, the proteins in milk provide a source of energy and build/repair muscle tissues. The other nutrient effects of milk also serve to maintain healthy tissues like blood, immune system, nerves, etc. Milk also has beneficial effects on vision and skin health. The micronutrient content of milk helps to maintain optimal metabolism. Finally, milk provides energy with low glycemic index carbohydrates, while helping to not rise the blood sugar levels too rapidly.